The Alevis are Turkey's biggest religious and
cultural minority, as they make 10 to 15% of the
population. Few people have heard of them and
despite they're so big, they're not recognised by
the state. As their religion is neither Christian,
nor Muslim, they've oppressed for centuries by
both larger religions and had to hide their
religious practices.
In Istanbul, they fully control four
neighborhoods which the Turkish police can't
enter as there are extreme-leftist groups that
are armed. In order to survive, they organise
cooperative gardens and have created small
clothing industries so people can find work.
Alevis are strong in protests. According to a
Turkish police report, last year, 87% of the
people arrested in anti-government protests at
the Gezi park were Alevi, while 8 of the 9 people
that died during the antigovernment protests
died were Alevi. One of them, Berkin Elvan, a
14-year-old, who died after a canister hit him in
the head, became an international symbol of
resistance to police brutality.
Today, Alevism is a secular religion and more of
a philosophical set. Despite being so many, the
Turkish state refuses to recognise Alevi places
of worship (the cemevis) and does not financially
support their religious practices, the way it does
with Sunni. Instead it builds mosques in their
neighbourhoods and on their national ID cards
they're identified as “Muslim”, even though they
say they’re not muslims. As they aren't hired by
the state or by other Sunnis, Alevis are dead-
poor with very little chances to escape poverty.
Alevis lead a more Western lifestyle than Sunnis
do and women don't wear head-scarves, instead
they’re considered equal and participate in the
social life with men. Women and men also pray
together by dancing and singing. They also
believe that the mountains and rivers are holy
and pray to them as well, which is a pagan
characteristic.